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This is my favorite way to wipe it clean:

CAUTION: This debug script is for advanced users only. Its Purpose is to remove all formatting and partitioning information from your hard disk when FDISK is unable to do so. THIS WILL REMOVE ALL DATA AND PROGRAMS FORM THE DRIVE.

1. Create a MSDOS bood disk with Debug

2. At DOS command prompt type the following: Debug[Enter] (Where enter is to press the enter key once)

NOTE: Type the following bolded text only. You will recieve an error if you type anything other than the bold text. The non-bolded text represents what will appear on you screen once you press [Enter] after each command.

-F 200 L1000 0 [Enter]

-A CS:100 [Enter]

xxxx:0100 MOV AX,301 [Enter]

xxxx:0103 MOV BX,200 [Enter]

xxxx:0106 MOV CX,1 [Enter]

xxxx:0109 MOV DX,80 [Enter]

NOTE: ( --- "80" for hd0, "81" for hd1)

xxxx:010c INT 13 [Enter]

xxxx: 010e INT 20 [Enter]

xxxx: 0110 [Enter]

-G [Enter]

"Program terminated normally"

3. Turn off the computer. On the next startup the hard drive will need to be partitioned and formatted.

***

Data Capacity of CDs [Tutorial] 

Abstract

You can fit on a S/VCD without overburning:

- approx. 735 MB of MPEG data onto a 74min/650MB disc

- approx. 795 MB of MPEG data onto an 80min/700MB disc

You can fit on a CD-ROM without overburning:

- approx. 650 MB of data onto a 74min/650MB disc

- approx. 703 MB of data onto an 80min/700MB disc

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Introduction

Let us ignore for now the terms of megabyte for CD capacity and try to understand how the data is stored on a CD.

As well all know, the data is stored digitally as binary data. This means, however the actual information is actually kept on the disc, this information is in the form of "1"s and "0"s. Physically, the information on a CD is as pits on a thin sheet of metal (aluminium).

An a CD-R disc, the data is physically on an organic dye layer which simulates the metal layer on a real pressed CD.

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How is the information structured

Now, on the CD, the information isn't just organised from beginning to end willy-nilly. Otherwise, it would be really hard to find a useful piece of information on the CD.

Rather, the information is organised in sectors. Consider a sector as like a page in a book. Just like you are able to quickly find something in a book if you know the page number, you can quickly find something on a CD if you know the sector number.

Now, remember that the CD was original made to hold audio data. It was decided, that the CD would would 75 sectors per second of audio. Although I cannot guess where this number comes from, it is quite appropriate for the audio CD. It means that you can "seek" an audio CD accurately to 1/75th of a second -- which is more than enough for consumer purposes.

Now, with this in mind, we can work out the total data capacity of user data for 1 sector.

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The total data capacity of user data of 1 sector on a CD

CD audio uses uncompressed PCM stereo audio, 16-bit resolution sampled at 44.1 kHz.

Thus 1 second of audio contains:

16 bits/channel * 2 channels * 44100 samples/second * 1 second

= 1411200 bits

= 176400 bytes

Since there are 75 sectors per second

1 sector

= 176400 bytes / 75

= 2352 bytes

One sector on a CD contains 2352 bytes max.

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The concept of different MODES and FORMS of burning

Now, audio CD was well and good, but the medium would become much more useful if you could store other data on the disc as well. This became to be know as CD-ROM of course.

Now, the audio-CD uses the ENTIRE sector for audio data.

However, for CD-ROMs this caused a problem. Simply, CDs and the CD reading mechanisms were not 100% faultless. That is, errors (indeed frequent errors) could be made during the reading. For audio CDs, this does not matter as much as you could simply interpolate from the adjacent audio samples. This will obviously NOT DO for data CDs. A single bit error could lead to a program being unexecutable or ruin an achive file.

Thus, for CD-ROMs, part of each sector is devoted to error correction codes and error detection codes. The CD-R FAQ has the details, but in effect, only 2048 bytes out of a total of 2352 bytes in each sector is available for user data on a data CD.

This burning mode is either MODE1 or MODE2 Form1.

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MODE2 Form2 sectors of VCDs and SVCDs

Now, for VCDs and SVCDs, the video tracks do not necessarily require the robust error correction as normal data on a CD-ROM. However, there is still some overhead per sector that is used for something other than video data (e.g., sync headers).

S/VCDs video tracks are burnt in what is called MODE2 Form2 sectors. In this mode, only 2324 bytes out of a total of 2352 bytes in each sector is available for user data.

This is MUCH MORE than for CD-ROMs, but still less per sector than audio CD.

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The disc capacities of CD-ROMs, audio-CDs and VCDs

Now, obviously what ultimately determines the capacity of a disc is the total number of sectors it contains. This is similar to the total number of pages in a blank exercise book (if you recall the book analogy).

The secondary determinant is the burning mode of the disc.

For audio CDs, it is as if you could fill each page from top to bottom with audio data as the entire sector is used for audio data.

For CD-ROMs, it is as if you need to first rule a margin and then leave the bottom part of each page for footnotes (headers + ECC + EDC). The amount of text you can actually write per page is then less due to these other constraints.

For S/VCDs, we still need to rule a margin on the page, but we don't have to worry about the footnotes (headers). We can fit MORE text than a CD-ROM, but less than an audio-CD.

Now remember, 1 second on a CD = 75 sectors.

Thus:

- 74 min CD = 333,000 sectors

- 80 min CD = 360,000 sectors

Data capacity in Mb for an audio-CD

74 min

= 333,000 sectors * 2352 bytes / sector

= 783216000 bytes

= 746.9 Mb

80 min

= 360,000 sectors * 2352 bytes / sector

= 846720000 bytes

= 807.5 Mb

Data capacity in Mb for a CD-ROM

74 min

= 333,000 sectors * 2048 bytes / sector

= 681984000 bytes

= 650.4 Mb

80 min

= 360,000 sectors * 2048 bytes / sector

= 737280000 bytes

= 703.1 Mb

Data capacity in Mb for a S/VCD

74 min

= 333,000 sectors * 2324 bytes / sector

= 773892000 bytes

= 738.0 Mb

80 min

= 360,000 sectors * 2324 bytes / sector

= 836640000 bytes

= 797.9 Mb

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Conclusions

As you can see, the often quoted capacities of 650MB and 700MB refer to CD-ROM capacities.

Due to the fact that S/VCDs use a different burning mode where MORE of each sector is available as user data, the relatively capacities are HIGHER.

Now, since S/VCDs are not composed of PURELY video tracks and have some unavoidable overheads, the actually total capacity left for video tracks is a few Mb less for each disc (about 735 Mb for 74min discs and 795 Mb for 80min discs). This is where the often quoted capacities of 740MB and 800MB come from. They are quite accurate.

All these capacities are available BEFORE overburning. Overburning is where you burn MORE sectors than the disc is rated for. If you overburn, you can typically achieve about 1-2 minutes of additional capacity (depending on your drive and media).

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How to create a bootable Windows XP SP1 CD (Nero): 

Step 1 

Create 3 folders - C:\WINXPSP1, C:\SP1106 and C:\XPBOOT 

Step 2 

Copy the entire Windows XP CD into folder C:\WINXPSP1 

Step 3 

You will have to download the SP1 Update, which is 133MB. 

Rename the Service Pack file to XP-SP1.EXE 

Extract the Service Pack from the Run Dialog using the command: 

C:\XP-SP1.EXE -U -X:C:\SP1106 

Step 4 

Open Start/Run... and type the command: 

C:\SP1106\update\update.exe -s:C:\WINXPSP1 

Click OK 

Folder C:\WINXPSP1 contains: Windows XP SP1 

How to Create a Windows XP SP1 CD Bootable 

Step 1 

Download xpboot.zip 

Code: 

Code: 

http://thro.port5.com/xpboot.zip 

( no download manager !! ) 

Extract xpboot.zip file (xpboot.bin) in to the folder C:\XPBOOT 

Step 2 

Start Nero - Burning Rom. 

Select File > New... from the menu. 

1.) Select CD-ROM (Boot) 

2.) Select Image file from Source of boot image data 

3.) Set Kind of emulation: to No Emulation 

4.) Set Load segment of sectors (hex!): to 07C0 

5.) Set Number of loaded sectors: to 4 

6.) Press the Browse... button 

Step 3 

Select All Files (*.*) from File of type: 

Locate boot.bin in the folder C:\XPBOOT 

Step 4 

Click ISO tab 

Set File-/Directory length to ISO Level 1 (Max. of 11 = 8 + 3 chars) 

Set Format to Mode 1 

Set Character Set to ISO 9660 

Check all Relax ISO Restrictions 

Step 5 

Click Label Tab 

Select ISO9660 from the drop down box. 

Enter the Volume Label as WB2PFRE_EN 

Enter the System Identifier as WB2PFRE_EN 

Enter the Volume Set as WB2PFRE_EN 

Enter the Publisher as MICROSOFT CORPORATION 

Enter the Data Preparer as MICROSOFT CORPORATION 

Enter the Application as WB2PFRE_EN 

* For Windows XP Professional OEM substitute WB2PFRE_EN with WXPOEM_EN 

* For Windows XP Home OEM substitute WB2PFRE_EN with WXHOEM_EN 

Step 6 

Click Burn tab 

Check Write 

Check Finalize CD (No further writing possible!) 

Set Write Method to Disk-At-Once 

Press New button 

Step 7 

Locate the folder C:\WINXPSP1 

Select everything in the folder and drag it to the ISO compilation panel. 

Click the Write CD Dialog button. 

Press Write 

You're done. 

Create An Ftp Server On Your Pc With Serv-u

Requirements:

Serv-U

No-IP.com Website

Quote:

Step 1. Getting a static IP address.

Get a static address for your FTP server. You will want to do this as opposed to using your IP address for several reasons. First, it’s easier keeping up-to-date. Imagine having to change all of your setting every time your IP changed. With No-IP, the No-IP service runs in background on your computer and updates your current IP address with your FTP server’s URL (for example, you get ftp://rkchoolie.serveftp.com). Second reason, you don’t want your IP address posted out there for everyone to see.

1. Go to www.No-IP.com to create a new user account.

2. Fill in the information that is required and the click Register button.

3. Your account has now been created and your account password has been emailed to you.

4. Check your email mailbox and wait for the mail that contains your password

5. Go back to www.No-IP.com and type your email address and password to login to your account.

6. Once in your account, click on Add a host in the left menu

7. Type in the Hostname you want (example: rkchoolie) and pick a Domain from the list (example: ftpserve.com)

8. Check Allow Wildcards and click the Submit button

9. You now have your static address (example: rkchoolie.serveftp.com)

10. Click on your OS link in the Dyn-Update Client in the bottom right menu and follow links to download the client

11. Once downloaded, install the software and type in your email address and password when asked.

12. Finally tick the checkbox near your static address.

You now have a static web address .

Quote:

Step 2. Installing and setting the FTP server

1. Install Serv-U 4.0.

2. Start Serv-U and use the wizard to setup your ftp.

3. Click next until you're asked for an IP address, leave it blank and then click next.

4. Type the domain name you've just registered above (example: preacher.serveftp.com) in the domain name field and then click Next.

5. You are asked if you want to allow anonymous access, select No and then click next.

6. You are then asked to create a named account, check yes and then click next.

7. Type in the user name you wish for this account (example: Harrie) and click next.

8. Type a password for this account (example: $p3c1aL). For security reasons, try to create a password with some letters, numbers and special characters. Then click next.

9. You will then be asked for the Home directory of the account you just created. Select the directory and then click next.

10. Select yes to lock this account to the Home directory. You want to do this so that the user can not go any further up that his home directory. Click next.

11. The account is now set so click finish.

Quote:

Step 3. Configuring user accounts

1. In the left tree-menu, select the account you've just created and then click on the General tab.

2. Check Hide ‘Hidden’ Files.

3. Check Allow only and enter the number one in the box.

4. Set the Max. download speed to what ever you want. If this is an account that many will be using, set it low to save on your bandwidth. I usually have mine set between 10 – 20. If you leave it blank, users will be able to download from you at full bandwidth.

5. Set the Max no. of users to how many you want to be able to log on at one time. This depends on your connection speed but try these (56 - 1, ISDN - 3, ADSL or cable - 5-6 users.)

6. Now, click on the Dir Access tab.

7. You should see the home folder in there. Highlight it and make your permissions.

8. If you only want users to be able to download check only Read, List, & Inherit.

9. If you want users to be able to upload, but to only one particular folder but not download, click the add button and then select that folder. Now highlight the folder and set these permissions on that folder. Check Write, Append, List, Create, & Inherit. Once you have made the permissions click on the up arrow that is located at the bottom right-hand corner. You want this special upload folder to be list first, before the home folder.

10. If there is a folder that you don’t want anyone to have access to, but it is inside the home folder, then click the add button and then select that folder. Now highlight the folder and make sure that all checkboxes are left. Once you have made the permissions click on the up arrow that is located at the bottom right-hand corner. You want this no access folder to be listed at the very top.

11. There are many other different sets of permissions you can play with. I just covered your basics.

12. Your server is now set!

13. Try logging on with the username and password and see if it works.